Fibular and metatarsal osteosynthesis in a southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans).

Here we describe a successful surgical management of a distal fibular fracture combined with a tarsocrural luxation and multiple metatarsal fractures in the left foot of a southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans). We achieved satisfactory outcome by applying intramedullary pinning for each of the bone fractures and closed reduction of joint luxation-kept in place only by bone alignment, without further ligament reconstruction. Bone healing occurred uneventfully within eight weeks and the monkey's foot regained its normal function. Therefore, we could properly release the patient back into the wild.

Bone regenerative medicine: metatarsus defects in sheep to evaluate new therapeutic strategies for human long bone defect. A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Large bone defects in long bone are not able to repair themselves and require grafts. Although autograft is the gold standard, it is associated with some disadvantages. Consequently, the application of tissue engineering (TE) techniques help with the use of allogenic biological and artificial scaffolds, cells and growth factors (GFs). Following 3Rs and in vitro testing strategies, animal models are required in preclinical in vivo studies to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the most promising TE techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was performed from 2000 to 2019 to evaluate bone regeneration sheep metatarsus defects. RESULTS: Eleven in vivo studies on sheep metatarsus defect were retrieved. The mid-diaphysis of metatarsus was the region most employed to perform critical size defects. Natural, synthetic and hybrid scaffolds were implanted, combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), GFs such as osteogenic protein 1 (OP1) and platelet rich plasma (PRP). The maximum follow-up period was 4 and 6 months in which radiography, histology, histomorphometry, computed tomography (CT) and biomechanics were performed to evaluate the healing status. CONCLUSIONS: the sheep metatarsus defect model seems to be a suitable environment with a good marriage of biological and biomechanical properties. Defects of 3 cm are treated with natural scaffolds (homologous graft or allografts), those of 2.5 cm with natural, synthetic or composite scaffolds, while little defects (0.5 × 0.5 cm) with composite scaffolds. No difference in results is found regardless of the defect size.

Cell engraftment, vascularization, and inflammation after treatment of equine distal limb wounds with endothelial colony forming cells encapsulated within hydrogel microspheres.

BACKGROUND: Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) may be useful therapeutically in conditions with poor blood supply, such as distal limb wounds in the horse. Encapsulation of ECFCs into injectable hydrogel microspheres may ensure cell survival and cell localization to improve neovascularization and healing. Autologous ECFCs were isolated from 6 horses, labeled with quantum nanodots (QD), and a subset were encapsulated in poly(ethylene) glycol fibrinogen microspheres (PEG-Fb MS). Full-thickness dermal wounds were created on each distal limb and injected with empty PEG-Fb MS, serum, ECFCs, or ECFCs encapsulated into PEG- Fb MS (ECFC/MS). Analysis included wound surface area (WSA), granulation tissue scoring (GS), thermography, collagen density staining, and immunohistochemical staining for endothelial and inflammatory cells. The purpose of this study was to track cell location and evaluate wound vascularization and inflammatory response after injection of ECFC/MS or naked ECFCs in equine distal limb wounds. RESULTS: ECFCs were found near and within newly formed blood vessels up to 3 weeks after injection. ECFC and ECFC/MS groups had the greatest blood vessel quantity at week 1 in the wound periphery. Wounds treated with ECFCs and ECFC/MS had the lowest density of neutrophils and macrophages at week 4. There were no significant effects of ECFC or ECFC/MS treatment on other measured parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of microsphere encapsulated ECFCs was practical for clinical use and well-tolerated. The positive ECFC treatment effects on blood vessel density and wound inflammation warrant further investigation.

Epidemiology of Foot Injuries Using National Collegiate Athletic Association Data From the 2009-2010 Through 2014-2015 Seasons.

CONTEXT: Researchers analyzing data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program have not considered the differences in foot injuries across specific sports and between males and females. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic differences in rates of overall foot injuries and common injuries among sports and between sexes. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING: Online injury-surveillance data from 15 unique sports involving males and females that demonstrated 1967 injuries over 4 821 985 athlete-exposures. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Male and female athletes competing in National Collegiate Athletic Association sports from the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 seasons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Foot injury rates (per 10 000 athlete-exposures) and the proportion of foot injuries were calculated for each sport. The effect of sex was calculated using Poisson-derived confidence intervals for 8 paired sports. A risk analysis was performed using a 3 × 3 quantitative injury risk-assessment matrix based on both injury rate and mean days of time loss. RESULTS: Foot injury rates differed between sports, with the highest rates in female gymnastics, male and female cross-country, and male and female soccer athletes. Cross-country and track and field had the highest proportions of foot injuries for both female and male sports. The 5 most common injuries were foot/toe contusions, midfoot injuries, plantar fascia injuries, turf toe, and metatarsal fractures. Only track and field athletes demonstrated a significant sex difference in injury rates, with female athletes having the higher rate. The quantitative injury risk-assessment matrix identified the 4 highest-risk injuries, considering both rate and severity, as metatarsal fractures, plantar fascia and midfoot injuries, and foot/toe contusions. CONCLUSIONS: Important differences were present among sports in terms of injury rates, the most common foot injuries, and the risk (combination of frequency and severity) of injury. These differences warrant further study to determine the mechanisms of injury and target intervention efforts.

Identificación de hipofosfatasia en la práctica clínica: manifestaciones clínicas y recomendaciones diagnósticas en pacientes adultos / Identification of hypophosphatasia in a clinical setting: Clinical manifestations and diagnostic recommendations in adult patients

No disponible

Luxo-fractura de Chopart / Fracture-luxation de l'articulation de Chopart / Chopart luxo-fracture

La articulación de Chopart o transversa del tarso está constituida por la articulación calcaneocuboidea y la astragaloescafoidea. Las lesiones que ocurren en estas articulaciones se conocen como luxo-fractura de Chopart y son extremadamente raras. Entre las causas más frecuentes se encuentran los accidentes en motocicletas y las caídas de altura. El tratamiento es la reducción anatómica y fijación estable. La necrosis avascular del astrágalo, así como la artritis postraumática son las complicaciones más temidas. Con este trabajo se pretende describir la conducta y evolución perioperatoria de dos pacientes con luxo-fractura de Chopart, atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Militar Central Dr Luis Díaz Soto. Fueron diagnosticados tempranamente y se les realizó reducción abierta más fijación interna con una recuperación en los primeros tres meses. La baja prevalencia de la luxo-fractura de Chopart requiere un diagnóstico adecuado y correcto para lograr un buen resultado clínico(AU)

The Chopart joint or transverse tarsus is constituted by the calcaneocuboid and the astragaloescafoidea joints. The injuries that occur in these joints are known as Chopart luxo-fracture and are extremely rare. Motorcycle accidents and falls from heights are among the most frequent causes of Chopart luxo-fractures. The treatment is the anatomical reduction and stable fixation. The avascular necrosis of the talus, as well as post-traumatic arthritis are the most feared complications. This paper aims to describe the behavior and perioperative evolution of two patients with Chopart luxo-fracture, treated in the Emergency Service at Dr Luis Díaz Soto Central Military Hospital. They were early diagnosed and underwent open reduction and internal fixation. They recovered in the first three months. The low prevalence of Chopart luxo-fracture requires adequate and correct diagnosis to achieve good clinical results(AU)

L'articulation de Chopart, ou médio-tarsienne, est constituée de deux articulations distinctes: l'articulation calcanéo-cuboïdienne et l'articulation astragalo-scaphoïdienne. Les lésions produites dans ces articulations sont connues comme des fractures-luxations de l'articulation de Chopart, et sont assez rares. Parmi les causes les plus fréquentes, on peut trouver les accidents du trafic (surtout, de moto) et les chutes de haut. Le traitement consiste généralement à une réduction anatomique et une fixation stable. La nécrose avasculaire de l'astragale et l'arthrite post-traumatique sont les complications les plus souvent à craindre. Le but de ce travail est de décrire le comportement et l'évolution péri-opératoire de deux patients atteints d'une fracture-luxation de l'articulation de Chopart, et traités au service d'urgence de l'hôpital militaire Dr Luis Díaz Soto. Ils sont rapidement diagnostiqués, et traités par réduction ouverte et fixation interne. Leur récupération est réussie en trois mois. La faible prévalence de la fracture-luxation de l'articulation de Chopart exige un diagnostic précis pour atteindre de bons résultats cliniques(AU)

Physeal Fractures in Foals.

Physeal fractures are common musculoskeletal injuries in foals and should be included as a differential diagnosis for the lame or nonweightbearing foal. Careful evaluation of the patient, including precise radiographic assessment, is paramount in determining the options for treatment. Prognosis mostly depends on the patient's age, weight, and fracture location and configuration.

Combined Innovative Portal Arthroscopy and Fluoroscopy-Assisted Reduction and Fixation in Subtle Injury of the Lisfranc Joint Complex: Analysis of 10 Cases.

Subtle injuries of the Lisfranc joint complex are uncommon and difficult to diagnose clinically and thus are easily missed even by experienced orthopedic doctors. Misdiagnosed injuries can lead to chronic disability until eventual fusion surgery. We describe 10 cases diagnosed with subtle injury of the Lisfranc joint that were treated with combined innovative portal arthroscopy and fluoroscopy-assisted reduction and percutaneous screw fixation in an interfragmentary fashion. The distance between the first and second metatarsals (the Lisfranc distance) and that between the medial cuneiform and fifth metatarsal base (foot arch height) was measured before and after surgery. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society function score was evaluated perioperatively. The average preoperative and postoperative Lisfranc distance was 4.38 ± 0.39 mm and 2.68 ± 0.9 mm, the foot arch height was 12.63 ± 2.75 mm and 21.80 ± 3.50 mm, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 59.1 ± 5.69 and 86.8 ± 10.1, respectively. Of the 10 patients, 3 had excellent outcomes, 6 had good outcomes, and 1 had a fair outcome. In conclusion, we report a useful and minimally invasive surgery for acute, subacute, and even chronic subtle injury of the Lisfranc joint. The Lisfranc distance, foot arch height, and function of the foot were restored clinically, and all measurements showed statistically significant differences.

Does the Use of Ibuprofen in Children with Extremity Fractures Increase their Risk for Bone Healing Complications?

BACKGROUND: Despite being an effective analgesic for children with fractures, some clinicians may avoid prescribing ibuprofen due to its potentially harmful effect on bone healing. OBJECTIVE: To determine if exposure to ibuprofen is associated with an increased risk of bone healing complications in children with fractures. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of children aged 6 months to 17 years who presented to the pediatric emergency department (PED) with a fracture of the tibia, femur, humerus, scaphoid, or fifth metatarsus and who followed up with the orthopedic service. We chose these fractures due to their higher risk for complications. We classified patients as exposed if they received ibuprofen in the PED or during hospitalization or were prescribed ibuprofen at discharge. The main outcome was a bone healing complication as evidenced by nonunion, delayed union, or re-displacement on follow-up radiographs. RESULTS: Of the 808 patients included in the final analysis, 338 (42%) were exposed to ibuprofen. Overall, 27 (3%) patients had a bone healing complication; 8 (1%) developed nonunion, 3 (0.4%) developed delayed union, and 16 (2%) developed re-displacement. Ten (3%) patients who were exposed to ibuprofen, and 17 (4%) who were not, developed a bone healing complication (odds ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.4-1.8; p = 0.61). There was no significant association between ibuprofen exposure and the development of a bone healing complication despite adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION: Children with extremity fractures who are exposed to ibuprofen do not seem to be at increased risk for clinically important bone healing complications.

Acupuncture Treatment of a Metatarsus Proximal End Fracture: A Case Report.

A tuberosity fracture is an avulsion fracture in an area 1.5 cm proximal to the fifth metatarsus. Six to eight weeks of immobilization may be required. A patient with a short leg plaster splint came to our clinic because of pain. The patient had a diagnosis of a fifth metatarsus fracture. Significant edema, fluctuation on the dorsolateral section of the left foot, and red color changes (0.2- to 0.3-cm diameter) on the skin of the anterolateral tibial area of the affected leg were noted. The locations of these skin changes corresponded to the GB34 (Yanglingguan) and the ST37 (Shanqiuxu) acupoints. The patient was successfully treated with acupuncture at these and several other acupoints. After 3 weeks (i.e., eight sessions), the patient returned to her routine life without any pain. This interesting case of metatarsus proximal end fracture shows that some acupoints may be visible during the progress of the disease. We used these acupoints in acupuncture treatment. Pain and edema were rapidly relieved, which may be attributable to the recovery of the lymphatic system in the affected area via acupuncture treatment.

Computed tomography assisted determination of optimal insertion points and bone corridors for transverse implant placement in the feline tarsus and metatarsus.

OBJECTIVE: Describe optimal corridors for mediolateral or lateromedial implant placement in the feline tarsus and base of the metatarsus. METHODS: Computed tomographic images of 20 cadaveric tarsi were used to define optimal talocalcaneal, centroquartal, distal tarsal, and metatarsal corridors characterized by medial and lateral insertion points (IP), mean height, width, length and optimal dorsomedial-plantarolateral implantation angle (OIA). RESULTS: Talocalcaneal level: The IP were at the head of the talus and plantar to the peroneal tubercle of the calcaneus and OIA was 22.7° ± 0.3. Centroquartal level: The IP were at the centre of the medial surface of the central tarsal bone and dorsoproximal to the tuberosity of the fourth tarsal bone and OIA was 5.9° ± 0.06. Distal tarsal level: The IP were at the centre of the medial surface of the tarsal bone II and dorsodistal to the tuberosity of the fourth tarsal bone and OIA was 5.4° ± 0.14. Metatarsal level: The IP were at the dorsomedial surface of the proximal end of the metatarsal bone II and at the dorsolateral surface of metatarsal bone V and OIA was 0.5° ± 0.06. Significant positive correlation was found between body weight and the length of each corridor. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Most of the corridors obtained in this study had a diameter between 1.5 mm and 2 mm with a length of 15 mm to 18 mm, which stresses the importance of their accurate placement.

[Fractures in spinal muscular atrophy]. / Fracturas en la atrofia muscular espinal.

AIM: To determine the frequency of fractures in patients with spinal muscular atrophy, their mechanism of production, age at appearance and functional repercussions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-five patients with spinal muscular atrophy were studied. Cases of fractures diagnosed by means of X-rays were collected and the following parameters were analysed: type of spinal muscular atrophy, gait, age at the time the fracture occurred, mechanism of production, location, treatment applied and functional repercussion. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (20%) presented a total of 20 fractures (four of them presented two or more fractures). The mean age was 6.35 years. The fractures were mostly located in the femur and the mechanism of production was falls in 12 cases and minor traumatic injury in eight. No vertebral fractures were detected. All of them were treated conservatively. The only patient with a fracture who was able to walk stopped walking after immobilisation. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of fractures in these patients interferes with their quality of life and their level of functioning. It is important to prevent them from occurring during management of the patient and by ensuring a correct posture in the wheelchair with the use of restraint systems. Further studies are needed on the loss of bone mineral density in these patients and their possible relationship with fractures.

TITLE: Fracturas en la atrofia muscular espinal.Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de fracturas en pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal, mecanismo de produccion, edad de aparicion y repercusion funcional. Pacientes y metodos. Se estudian 65 pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal. Se recogen las fracturas diagnosticadas mediante radiografia y se analizan los siguientes parametros: tipo de atrofia muscular espinal, marcha, edad en el momento de la fractura, mecanismo de produccion, localizacion, tratamiento aplicado y repercusion funcional. Resultados. Presentaron fracturas 13 pacientes (20%), con un total de 20 (cuatro presentaron dos o mas fracturas). La edad media fue de 6,35 años. La localizacion fue en su mayoria en el femur y el mecanismo de produccion, en 12 casos por caidas y en 8 por traumatismo menor. No detectamos ninguna fractura vertebral. Todas se trataron de manera conservadora. El unico paciente ambulante que presento una fractura dejo de caminar despues de la inmovilizacion. Conclusiones. La existencia de fracturas en estos pacientes interfiere en su calidad de vida y en el nivel funcional. Es importante la prevencion de las mismas en el manejo del paciente y vigilando la correcta postura en la silla de ruedas con sistemas de sujecion Deberian emprenderse mas estudios sobre la perdida de densidad mineral osea en estos pacientes y su posible relacion con las fracturas.

Medición de resultados del tratamiento funcional de las fracturas metatarsianas mediante la escala AOFAS y la duración de la incapacidad laboral / Measurement of the results of functional treatment of metatarsal fractures using the AOFAS scale and the duration of work incapacity

Objetivo. Mostrar la efectividad del tratamiento funcional de las fracturas metatarsianas consistente en apoyo completo inmediato o precoz sin inmovilización. Material y método. Se estudian de manera prospectiva 276 individuos con fracturas metatarsianas simples o complejas tratadas con el método funcional, consistente en realizar apoyo sin inmovilización de manera inmediata (antes del tercer día de la lesión) o precoz (desde el 3.° al 21.° día de la fractura). Los criterios de inclusión fueron pacientes de 16 a 65 años, de ambos sexos, con fractura cerrada y abierta grado I de metatarsianos, aislada o múltiple, que realizaron carga efectiva en los primeros 21 días. Se analizaron los efectos de la inyección de esteroide en foco propuesta para este tratamiento, el tiempo de descarga, la rehabilitación, el tipo de trabajo desempeñado por el paciente y el número de metatarsianos fracturados. Los resultados se evaluaron mediante la escala AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society), la duración de la incapacidad laboral y las complicaciones del tratamiento. Resultados. Se obtuvo una puntuación excelente en la escala AOFAS y un bajo grado de complicaciones. Discusión. Este método se fundamenta en la función de sostén del sistema músculo-ligamentario y el uso de un zapato con suela rígida, que permiten un apoyo precoz sin desplazamiento secundario. La carga inmediata proporciona mejor resultado que la diferida, y la infiltración de esteroide no aporta beneficios. Conclusiones. Proponemos el método funcional como tratamiento para todas las fracturas cerradas del metatarso desplazadas o no, excepto para las fracturas desplazadas de la base del quinto metatarsiano (AU)

Objective. To demonstrate the effectiveness of functional treatment for the fractures of the metatarsal, which consisted of immediate or early weight bearing without immobilisation. Material and methodology. We prospectively studied 276 patients with simple or complex fractures of the metatarsal, treated with a functional method which consisted of immediate (before the 3rd day since the fracture) or early (between 3rd and 21st day) effective weight bearing. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 16-65, both sexes, diagnosed with isolated or multiple, closed or opened type I metatarsal fractures who did weight bearing exercises during the first 21 days. We analysed the effects of the steroid injection proposed for this treatment in the focus of the fracture, the days of weight bearing, rehabilitation and number of metatarsal fractures. Results were evaluated using AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) scores, days of work incapacity and complications of the treatment. Results. The AOFAS score for patients treated functionally was excellent and we found few complications with it. Discussion. The functional method is based on the function of ligaments and muscles of the forefoot and the aid of a rigid-soled shoe which allows early weight-bearing to avoid secondary displacement of the fractures. The results show that immediate weight bearing provides better results than delayed bearing. Injection of steroid does not appear to have any benefit. Conclusions. We propose the functional method for all closed displaced or non-displaced metatarsal fractures, except for the displaced fractures on the base of the fifth metatarsal (AU)

Estudio comparativo del tratamiento clásico y funcional de las fracturas metatarsianas / A comparative study of the traditional and functional treatment of the metatarsal fractures

Objetivo: Demostrar la efectividad del tratamiento funcional de las fracturas del metatarso comparando dicho método con los tratamientos clásicos ortopédico-conservador y quirúrgico. Material y metodología: : Estudio del tratamiento de las fracturas metatarsianas aisladas o múltiples, cerradas o abiertas grado I de Gustilo en pacientes de ambos sexos y edad comprendida entre 16 y 65 años, donde 276 fueron tratados con un método funcional consistente en carga efectiva sin inmovilización de manera inmediata o precoz, y 262 con inmovilización o cirugía. Se analizó el tipo de fractura, la característica del trabajo habitual, la incapacidad temporal o baja laboral (IT) y las complicaciones de los diferentes tratamientos. Resultados: Los pacientes tratados con el método funcional permanecieron menos tiempo de baja laboral y sufrieron menos complicaciones que los que se trataron con los métodos tradicionales. Conclusión: Los buenos resultados obtenidos permiten generalizar el tratamiento funcional para las fracturas cerradas del metatarso (AU)

Objective: To demonstrate the efficacy of functional treatment of metatarsal fractures comparing this method with traditional orthopedic-conservative and surgical treatments. Material and Methods: Study on treatment of isolated or multiple, closed or open Gustilo grade I metatarsal fractures in patients of both sexes. One group consisted of 276 patients treated with a functional method, with effective loading without immediate or early immobilization, and the other was a control group of 262 patients treated with immobilization or surgery. Age ranged from 16 and 65 years. Type of fracture, usual job characteristics, duration of the temporary disability or sick leave (TD) and the complications of the different treatments were analyzed. Results: Patients treated with the functional method remained on sick leave for a shorter period and suffered fewer complications than those treated with traditional methods. Conclusion: The good results obtained allow functional treatment of closed metatarsal fractures on general basis (AU)

Luxación tarso-metatarsiana de Lisfranc: a propósito de un caso / Lisfranc tarso-metatarsal luxation: a propos of a case

Se presentó un paciente masculino, de 14 años de edad, con diagnóstico de fractura-luxación de Lisfranc, con más de 24 horas de evolución y síndrome compartimental, intervenido quirúrgicamente de urgencias, en el Hospital Provincial Pediátrico Docente Eliseo Noel Caamaño, lográndose la reducción anotómica y remisión de los síntomas y signos, con una evolución satisfactoria. Las luxaciones agudas son lesiones de urgencia, y se deben reducir lo antes posible, si no pueden ocurrir alteraciones patológicas a corto, mediano y largo plazo, incluyendo fenómenos de sustentación. Se consideró básico el conocimiento de este tipo de lesión traumática por parte de los facultativos de urgencias(AU)

We present the case of a male patient, aged 14 years, with diagnosis of Lisfranc fracture-luxation, more than 24 hours of evolution and compartmental syndrome, urgently operated in the Teaching Provincial Pediatric Hospital Eliseo Noel Caamaño, achieving the anatomical reduction and remission of the symptoms and signs, with a satisfactory evolution. Acute luxations are urgent lesions, and they should be reduced quickly, or pathologic alterations at a short, medium or long term may happen, including substation phenomena. We considered that knowing this kind of traumatic lesions is basic for physicians working in emergency units(AU)

Tratamento fisioterapêutico na síndrome complexa de dor regional tipo I: relato de caso / Physical therapy treatment for regional pain complex syndrome type I: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome complexa de dor regional do tipo I (SCDR I) geralmente possui tratamento multidisciplinar,porém há uma lacuna na literatura referente ao tratamento fisioterapêutico e a conduta a ser utilizada. Sendo assim,o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os resultados obtidos com o tratamento fisioterapêutico isoladamente em uma paciente. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 48 anos, diagnosticada com SCDR I, após fratura do quinto metatarso devido a uma entorse de tornozelo, permanecendo com tala suropodália por 12 semanas. Submeteu-se a tratamento fisioterapêutico com mobilização articular, fortalecimento muscular, treino de carga e de controle neuromuscular. Após 13 sessões, ocorreu melhora da maioria dos sinais e sintomas iniciais. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento fisioterapêutico isoladamente pode proporcionar melhora dos sinais e sintomas da SCDR I,porém, há a necessidade de estudos clínicos aleatórios para obter resultados mais eficazes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) has generally multidisciplinary treatment; however there is a gap in the literature related to physioterapy and the approach used. Therefore, the objective is to describe the results obtained with physical therapy treatment alone in one patient. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 48 years, diagnosed with CRPS I after fracture of the fifth metatarsal because of an ankle sprain, staying with short leg splint for 12 weeks. The same was referred to physical therapy, which used joint mobilization, muscles trengthening, weight-bearing and neuromuscular control.After 13 sessions, there was improvement in most of the initial signs and symptoms. CONCLUSION: The physical therapy alone can provide improvement of the signs and symptoms of CRPS I, however, there is a need for randomized clinical trials to obtain more effective results.

Luxación de la articulación metatarso falángica del 2° dedo como causa de metatarsalgia / Luxation of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 2nd finger as a cause of forefoot pain

Presentamos dos casos de luxación dorsal de la segunda articulación metatarsofalángica, como causa de metatarsalgia. Aunque clínicamente puede confundirse con otras patologías, como el neuroma interdigital, el conocimiento del proceso y una simple radiología convencional, la diagnosticaría sin necesidad de otras pruebas complementarias. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica de la deformidad dolorosa y se completó con resección de la base de la falange proximal de los dedos del pie (AU)

We report 2 cases of dorsal dislocation of the second metatarsophalangeal joint, a source of forefoot pain. Although clinically they could be mistaken for other pathologies, such as interdigital neuroma, the knowledge of the entity, and simple roentgenographic examination, should diagnose them without the need for other complementary tests. Surgical correction of the painful deformity was completed by resecting the bases of the proximal phalanges of second toes (AU)

Metatarsal fractures.

Metatarsal fractures can present with a variety of situations. Ranging from the relatively benign, isolated central metatarsal fracture to the crush injury leading to extensive damage of the soft tissue and osseous components, these fractures can cause a significant inconvenience to the patient. With the exception of fifth metatarsal base fractures, little standardization is available for the treatment of metatarsal fractures. Controversy still exists regarding the proper treatment of various patient populations for junctional fifth metatarsal fractures. This article discusses the fractures of the first, central, and fifth metatarsals, as well as the treatment for the same.

A new management strategy for puncture wounds of the foot. A case report.

This is a case report of persistent foot infection after a deep puncture wound caused by a bolt which went through a sandal and into the foot. An occult rubber foreign body was missed by X-ray and MRI. On the basis of persistence of infection the foot was explored. A small dorsal skin incision converted a deep track into a tunnel, through which irrigation and curettage were done. With the rinse came a piece of rubber. The patient made a complete recovery. By converting the tract into a tunnel instead of extensive dissection, management was improved considerably. This strategy has not hitherto been reported.